Eurocopter MBB-BK117 C-2 crash near Danville, PA, United States

HISTORY OF FLIGHTOn February 14, 2013, about 1221 eastern standard time, a Eurocopter MBB-BK-117 C-2, N481LF, operated by Geisinger Medical Center, doing business as Life Flight, was substantially damaged when the main rotor contacted a flag marker, mounted on a construction crane, during approach, at Geisinger Rooftop Heliport (79PN), Danville, Pennsylvania. The pilot, flight nurse, flight paramedic, and patient were uninjured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the Title14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 135 helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) flight, which originated at Muncy Valley Hospital Heliport (7PS5), Muncy, Pennsylvania at 1210. According to the pilot, they departed their base at Primrose Heliport (25PS), Minersville, Pennsylvania for 7PS5 to pick up a patient for an interfacility transfer. After arriving at 7PS5 at 1142, the patient was loaded and they departed for 79PN at 1212. The patient was "doing poorly" and there was some initial consideration as to whether the patient was alive and whether to fly him at all. After departure, the pilot climbed to 2000 feet above mean sea level (msl) and flew on an approximate 160 degree magnetic heading, direct to 79PN. As the helicopter approached the mountains near Danville the pilot turned slightly right to pass through a gap in the ridgeline and continued to fly direct to the heliport. The pilot then radioed in that he was "3 minutes out." Around this time the medical team intubated the patient, and he was advised by the communications center that there were two people on the roof to assist him. He then observed two individuals on the rooftop landing pad, which "while not abnormal" was "not routine". He was "a bit concerned" as he wanted to make sure the personnel were clear of the helipad prior to him getting any closer. The pilot recalled that he was somewhat more attuned to the patient's condition as the medical crew was working hard to keep the patient alive and were moving about the cabin unrestrained. He continued descending, and commenced his final approach to the rooftop helipad. About 100 yards from touchdown he noticed something "orange" out of the left window. At almost the same time the flight paramedic mentioned that he "saw something orange". The pilot then felt a "slight low frequency vibration". This vibration was also noticed by the flight nurse. About 6 seconds later, he landed on the landing pad, executed an emergency shutdown, and then cleared the crew to exit. According to contractors who were operating a construction crane near the heliport, they were lowering a piece of equipment onto the roof of a building when one of them observed a helicopter approaching. Another one of the contractors then observed that "all of a sudden." He saw one of the blades of the helicopter hit the safety flag (flag marker) which was mounted on the top of the construction crane boom, and "pieces of wood and flag were flying all over the place." At this point, the contractors stopped all operations with the construction crane, to confirm that all of their personnel were uninjured, and to insure that the boom and cable did not receive any damage. PERSONNEL INFORMATIONAccording to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and pilot records, the pilot held an airline transport pilot certificate with ratings for rotorcraft-helicopter, commercial privileges for airplane single-engine land, airplane multiengine-land, and instrument airplane, and held type ratings for the SK-64 and SK-65. He also held a flight instructor certificate with ratings for rotorcraft-helicopter and instrument helicopter. His most recent FAA first-class medical certificate was issued on September 11, 2012. He reported 3,035 hours of total flight experience, 12 of which was in the accident helicopter make and model. AIRCRAFT INFORMATIONThe accident aircraft was a twin-engine medium utility–transport helicopter of conventional construction, configured for emergency medical use. It utilized a four-bladed main rotor with a hingeless rotor system, fiber-reinforced plastic blades, and a semi-rigid, two bladed tail rotor. It was powered by two turboshaft engines each producing 708 shaft horsepower. According to FAA and maintenance records, the helicopter was manufactured in 2010. The helicopter's most recent continuous airworthiness inspection was completed on January 10, 2013. At the time of the inspection, the helicopter had accrued 635.6 total hours of operation. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATIONThe reported weather at Penn Valley Airport (SEG), Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, located 15 nautical miles southwest of the accident site, at 1253, included: calm winds, 10 miles visibility, clear, temperature 04 degrees C, dew point -03 degrees C, and an altimeter setting of 29.96 inches of mercury. AIRPORT INFORMATIONThe accident aircraft was a twin-engine medium utility–transport helicopter of conventional construction, configured for emergency medical use. It utilized a four-bladed main rotor with a hingeless rotor system, fiber-reinforced plastic blades, and a semi-rigid, two bladed tail rotor. It was powered by two turboshaft engines each producing 708 shaft horsepower. According to FAA and maintenance records, the helicopter was manufactured in 2010. The helicopter's most recent continuous airworthiness inspection was completed on January 10, 2013. At the time of the inspection, the helicopter had accrued 635.6 total hours of operation. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATIONExamination of Construction Crane Examination of the construction crane revealed that the metal pole that held the flag marker was damaged and the wooden pole that the flag marker was attached to was missing. Examination of Helicopter Examination of the helicopter confirmed that the main rotor had come into contact with the flag marker. Two blades; the Green Blade, and the Blue Blade of the four-bladed main rotor were damaged. The Green Blade incurred minor tip damage. The Blue Blade was substantially damaged and required replacement. According to the pilot neither he, the flight nurse, nor the flight paramedic, had seen the construction crane prior to coming into contact with it while approaching the landing pad. ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONIn order to improve safety, Geisinger Medical Center took the following actions: 1. In the event there is a crane in the vicinity of the hospital they would acquire multiple images of the crane from different angles to confirm location, angle, and exact height. 2. If a crane was placed in the direct path of flight to the rooftop helipad, the helipad would be temporarily closed. All incoming flights would land at the secondary helipad and patients would be transported to the Emergency Room via ground transportation. 3. To be sure the flight crews were aware of changes or notices, they will require an email confirmation that the flight crew has received the notice and that they have read and understood it. 4. Shift change and briefing reports will have stronger emphasis placed on discussing every detail with the oncoming crew during shift changes. 5. They will ensure that the communications center is fully staffed and that no Communications Technician is on the roof top helipad off-loading patients. 6. Communications Technicians will announce advisory hazards not only for takeoffs but during approaches as well, and the announcements will be made over one program-wide frequency, rather than a separate frequency for a particular helipad. 7. Required all pilots, flight paramedics, nurses and physicians, communication technicians, maintenance technicians, managers and support staff to participate in Air Medical Resource Management (AMRM) training to enhance the safety culture by promoting group cohesiveness and adaptation during change. 8. Created a Safety Manager position to develop and organize programs that support operational excellence, prevent accidents and incidents, and manage risk. TESTS AND RESEARCHCo